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IEG's meta-evaluation serves as an input for the upcoming independent external review of its evaluations. The report focuses on aspects of credibility related to the rationale, focus, use of innovative methods, and various research design attributes as formulated in evaluation reports and their respective approach papers. Drawing on a set of 28 evaluations published from fiscal year 2015 to 2019, the meta-evaluation offers six major conclusions and suggestions based on a systematic review of evaluation scope, reliability, validity (including construct, internal, external, and data analysis validity), consistency, and the integration of innovative methods.

Equality.

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This report explores two aspects of the rail transport sector - mobility, and employment--in the countries of Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina from a gender perspective. It examines issues of rail transport for women both as passengers, and as sector employees. It highlights the urgency of transport decarbonization for the Western Balkan countries (WB6) in the context of the European Union's Green Deal,2 which aims to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. This report shows that Covid-19 has decimated rail transport use at a time when global and WB6 regional efforts must dramatically increase their movement toward decarbonization. The study confirms that the pandemic has drawn people away from public transport including rail, and toward more carbon-intensive individual modes of transportation. It also makes a rarely made connection between getting more women into the transport sector and improved mobility for women. Rail services remain male-dominated across the world. The report finds clear parallels between women's employment and mobility. Finally, while this study focuses on women and rail transport, it has the benefit of making rail more attractive for other cohorts as well, including those who primarily use private vehicles (mainly men).

Equality.

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The April 2022 update to the newly launched Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) involves several changes to the data underlying the global poverty estimates. Some welfare aggregates have been changed for improved harmonization, and the CPI, national accounts, and population input data have been updated. This document explains these changes in detail and the reasoning behind them. Moreover, a large number of new country-years have been added, bringing the total number of surveys to more than 2,000. These include new harmonized surveys for countries in West Africa, new imputed poverty estimates for Nigeria, and recent 2020 household survey data for several countries. Global poverty estimates are now reported up to 2018 and earlier years have been revised.

Equality.

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Equality --- Gender identity. --- Labor market. --- Statistics.

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En 2020, une étude menée par vingt-quatre économistes aboutit à un rapport portant sur trois défis structurels pour l’économie mondiale : le changement climatique, les inégalités et l’évolution démographique. Ces trois défis sont véritablement existentiels car si nous ne les relevons pas, nous mettons en péril l’avenir de nos sociétés. Et pourtant, les gouvernements ne cessent de repousser l’heure des décisions. La question est donc simple : comment faire adopter des solutions nécessaires mais coûteuses et sans retombées positives immédiates ? Il faut s’efforcer de dépasser la stricte rationalité économique : pour chacun de ces défis, la réponse doit consister en un ensemble de réformes complémentaires, qui prennent en compte les perceptions et, surtout, les multiples dimensions de la question.

331.31 --- 355 --- 339.21 --- 311.80 --- Economisch beleid --- Milieu --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Loop van de bevolking: algemeenheden --- politique économique --- politique en matière de changement climatique --- inégalité sociale --- économie verte --- politique démographique --- populační politika --- bevolkingsbeleid --- politică demografică --- demografická politika --- rahvastikupoliitika --- population policy --- politika dwar il-popolazzjoni --- Bevölkerungspolitik --- δημογραφική πολιτική --- демографска политика --- demografinė politika --- demogrāfiskā politika --- demografska politika --- népesedési politika --- väestöpolitiikka --- política demográfica --- politica demografica --- polityka demograficzna --- политика становништва --- befolkningspolitik --- politikë e popullsisë --- beartas daonra --- demographic policy --- politica del terzo figlio --- incentivazione delle nascite --- politikë demografike --- demografisch beleid --- campagna demografica --- demográfiai politika --- népesedéspolitika --- disincentivazione delle nascite --- populacijska politika --- tkabbir ekoloġiku --- economia verde --- zaļā ekonomika --- екологосъобразна икономика --- környezetbarát gazdaság --- economía verde --- grüne Wirtschaft --- grøn økonomi --- πράσινη οικονομία --- geilleagar glas --- grön ekonomi --- „zelené“ hospodárstvo --- zelená ekonomika --- zielona gospodarka --- groene economie --- žalioji ekonomika --- green economy --- vihreä talous --- zeleno gospodarstvo --- economie verde --- roheline majandus --- transición hacia una economía ecológica --- ekologická ekonomika --- екологосъобразен растеж --- creștere verde --- οικολογική οικονομία --- strategia zielonej gospodarki --- prehod na zeleno gospodarstvo --- rohelise majanduse strateegia --- tkabbir ambjentalment sostenibbli --- ekologinen ekonomia --- prechod na zelené hospodárstvo --- croissance écologiquement viable --- ekologiczny wzrost gospodarczy --- ecologisch duurzame groei --- ekološka ekonomika --- преход към екологосъобразна икономика --- przejście na zieloną gospodarkę --- ekonomija ekoloġika --- tranżizzjoni lejn ekonomija ekoloġika --- μετάβαση στην πράσινη οικονομία --- zielony wzrost --- economia ecológica --- zelený růst --- croissance écologiquement durable --- ekološko gospodarstvo --- ekologiškai tvarus augimas --- transição para uma economia verde --- οικολογικά βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη --- ekološki održiv rast --- ekologiskt hållbar tillväxt --- strategie pro zelenou ekonomiku --- wzrost ekologiczny --- ekologisk ekonomi --- tranziție spre o economie ecologică --- ecologische economie --- strategija za zeleno gospodarstvo --- održivi rast s obzirom na okoliš --- environmentally sustainable growth --- vidiski ilgtspējīga izaugsme --- ekologijos ekonomika --- környezetbarát gazdaságra való átállás --- tkabbir ekoloġikament sostenibbli --- umweltverträgliches Wachstum --- ekologisesti kestävä kehitys --- green growth --- groene groei --- ekoloģiski ilgtspējīga izaugsme --- økologisk bæredygtig vækst --- zelený rast --- crescimento verde --- crescita verde --- economia ecologica --- растеж, устойчив от екологична гледна точка --- crescimento ambientalmente sustentável --- creștere economică durabilă din perspectiva mediului --- zaļā izaugsme --- gospodarka ekologiczna --- green economy transition --- vihreä kasvu --- „зелен“ растеж --- économie écologique --- Strategie für eine grüne Wirtschaft --- ecological economy --- стратегия за екологосъобразна икономика --- ökoloogiline majandus --- fás inbhuanaithe ó thaobh an chomhshaoil de --- „zelená“ ekonomika --- tkabbir kompatibbli mal-ambjent --- creștere ecologică sustenabilă --- zöld növekedés --- στρατηγική πράσινης οικονομίας --- strategia sull'economia verde --- fás glas --- růst udržitelný z hlediska životního prostředí --- zeleni rast --- ökologische Wirtschaft --- okoljsko vzdržna rast --- ekologické hospodárstvo --- vihreän talouden toimintamalli --- strategi for grøn økonomi --- green economy strategy --- vihreän talouden strategia --- przejście na gospodarkę ekologiczną --- transizione verso l'economia verde --- zaļās ekonomikas stratēģija --- økologisk økonomi --- pāreja uz zaļo ekonomiku --- ympäristötalous --- grön tillväxt --- razvoj zelenog gospodarstva --- ekologiška ekonomika --- milieuvriendelijke groei --- πράσινη ανάπτυξη --- keskkonnasäästlik majandus --- croissance verte --- economía ecológica --- estrategia de economía ecológica --- miljömässigt hållbar tillväxt --- prelazak na zeleno gospodarstvo --- ekologisesti kestävä kasvu --- grünes Wachstum --- environmentálne trvalo udržateľný rast --- strategija zelenog gospodarstva --- crescimento ecologicamente sustentável --- crescita eco-sostenibile --- crescita compatibile con l'ambiente --- estratégia de economia verde --- ekologicky udržateľný rast --- rohemajandus --- okoljsko trajnostna rast --- säästev kasv --- Übergang zu einer grünen Wirtschaft --- grøn vækst --- környezeti szempontból fenntartható növekedés --- crescita eco-compatibile --- keskkonnasäästlik majanduskasv --- overgang til grøn økonomi --- ecologically sustainable growth --- miljövänlig ekonomi --- crecimiento ecológicamente sostenible --- растеж, устойчив от гледна точка на околната среда --- ekonomia ekologiczna --- economie ecologică --- Ökowirtschaft --- zelena rast --- ekologicky udržitelný růst --- strateġija tal-ekonomija ekoloġika --- еколошка економија --- miljømæssigt bæredygtig vækst --- crecimiento ecológico --- ekološka ekonomska načela --- strategie în materie de economie verde --- fás eacnamaíoch inbhuanaithe --- zöld gazdaság --- περιβαλλοντικά βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη --- crescita ecologica --- strategie voor groene economie --- transitie naar groene economie --- ekološka ekonomija --- ympäristön kannalta kestävä kasvu --- přechod k zelené ekonomice --- stratégia ekologického hospodárstva --- üleminek rohelisele majandusele --- vihreään talouteen siirtyminen --- keskkonnahoidlik majanduskasv --- desigualdade social --- друштвена неједнакост --- inechitate socială --- éagothromaíocht shóisialta --- social inequality --- sociálna nerovnosť --- pabarazi shoqërore --- desigualdad social --- društvena nejednakost --- sociale ongelijkheid --- socialna neenakost --- nierówność społeczna --- sociala skillnader --- social ulighed --- socialinė nelygybė --- yhteiskunnallinen eriarvoisuus --- disuguaglianza sociale --- inugwaljanza soċjali --- soziale Ungleichheit --- општествена нееднаквост --- sotsiaalne ebavõrdsus --- sociālā nevienlīdzība --- sociální nerovnost --- κοινωνική ανισότητα --- társadalmi egyenlőtlenség --- социално неравенство --- општествена хиерархија --- disparità sociale --- klimato kaitos politika --- polityka przeciwdziałania zmianie klimatu --- politika dwar il-bidla fil-klima --- politica in materia di cambiamenti climatici --- политика в областта на изменението на климата --- klimata pārmaiņu politika --- climate change policy --- politica privind schimbările climatice --- beartas don athrú aeráide --- politika o podnebnih spremembah --- политика у области климатских промена --- πολιτική για την αλλαγή του κλίματος --- éghajlat-változási politika --- klimatpolitik --- politika v oblasti změny klimatu --- política para as alterações climáticas --- politika klimatske promjene --- Klimapolitik --- politikë e ndryshimit të klimës --- beleid inzake klimaatverandering --- política en materia de cambio climático --- ilmastonmuutospolitiikka --- politika v oblasti zmeny klímy --- политика за климатски промени --- Klimaschutzpolitik --- kliimamuutuste poliitika --- klimaatveranderingsbeleid --- действия срещу изменението на климата --- climate policy --- politika v oblasti klimatických zmien --- politikë klimaterike --- politikë në përgjigje të ndryshimit klimaterik --- action face au changement climatique --- beartas aeráide --- klimatåtgärder --- klimatska politika --- политика срещу изменението на климата --- climate action --- acción ante el cambio climático --- policy for responding to climate change --- politika ekonomike --- økonomisk politik --- majanduspoliitika --- hospodárska politika --- hospodářská politika --- política económica --- икономическа политика --- polityka gospodarcza --- ekonomikas politika --- ekonomisk politik --- Wirtschaftspolitik --- gazdaságpolitika --- talouspolitiikka --- economisch beleid --- οικονομική πολιτική --- beartas eacnamaíoch --- politică economică --- politica economica --- politika ekonomika --- economic policy --- ekonomska politika --- економска политика --- ekonominė politika --- wirtschaftspolitische Leitlinien --- ekonomisk inriktning --- hospodářské rozhodování --- escolha económica --- opzione economica --- gazdaságpolitikai elképzelések --- ekonomický prístup --- gestión económica --- gazdasági megközelítés --- orientamento economico --- taloudellinen lähestymistapa --- majanduslik lähenemisviis --- ekonomisk kurs --- gazdaságpolitikai döntés --- економски пристап --- ekonomiskt val --- obiettivo economico --- economische keuze --- opțiune economică --- Globalsteuerung der Wirtschaft --- qasje ekonomike --- wirtschaftspolitische Entscheidung --- gazdaságpolitikai iránymutatás --- choix économique --- orientation économique --- ekonominis pasirinkimas --- decisione economica --- orientação económica --- ekonomiskā izvēle --- økonomisk kurs --- ekonomický přístup --- стопанска политика --- økonomisk valg --- opción económica --- ekonomická volba --- ekonomiskā pieeja --- wirtschaftliche Zielvorstellungen --- οικονομική επιλογή --- obiectiv economic --- ekonomická politika --- economische koers --- metody řízení národního hospodářství --- ekonomická voľba --- ekonomski pristup --- taloudellinen valinta --- majanduslik valik --- zgjedhje ekonomike --- scelta economica --- economic approach --- οικονομικός προσανατολισμός --- ekonominis požiūris --- gospodarska politika --- economic choice --- Economics --- Climatic changes --- Equality --- Environmental economics --- Economic development --- Economic policy --- Economic history --- Sustainable development --- politique démographique --- politique économique --- politique en matière de changement climatique --- inégalité sociale --- économie verte